Navigating a Dementia Diagnosis

Lucy Thomas
Sep 22
5 min read

A Guide for South African Families

When a loved one begins to show signs of memory loss, confusion, or personality changes, it can be difficult to know what to do. Is this normal ageing? Or is it something more? Dementia affects thousands of South African families, yet many are unsure of how to recognise the signs, talk about their concerns, or find the right support. This guide has been developed by CareCompany in collaboration with The Caregivers Counsel, bringing together our shared experience in supporting families facing memory loss, confusion, and dementia-related challenges.

Recognising the early signs of Dementia

Dementia often begins subtly. Families might notice small changes but dismiss them as part of growing older. Here are some early signs to watch for:

Repeating questions or forgetting recently learned information
Misplacing items or relying heavily on notes and reminders
Struggling to follow a recipe, manage finances, or concentrate on tasks
Confusion about time, place, or familiar routines
Difficulty with language, such as forgetting words or repeating stories
Changes in judgement, like falling for scams or dressing inappropriately
Personality shifts: becoming more anxious, suspicious, withdrawn, or irritable

“While occasional forgetfulness is a normal part of ageing, dementia involves a noticeable decline that disrupts daily life,” explains Dr. Mariaan Cronje, a specialised counsellor and founder of The Caregivers Counsel. “Recognising these early signs can help families seek support sooner, which makes a significant difference in the quality of care and planning ahead.”

Dementia vs normal ageing: How to tell the difference

It’s normal for older adults to forget names occasionally or need more time to learn something new. With dementia, however, the changes are more persistent and wide-reaching:

If you notice more than one of these changes, especially if they worsen over time, it may be time to seek a professional opinion.

How to raise concerns with a loved one

“Bringing up memory or behaviour changes can be emotional,” says Mariaan. “Your loved one may feel embarrassed, fearful, or even angry, and it's important to approach the conversation with empathy and patience.”

Instead of confronting the issue directly, try using gentle language that focuses on care and safety:

“Let’s book a general check-up to stay ahead of any changes.”
“I’ve noticed you’ve seemed more tired lately – maybe a doctor can help.”
“Just like we check our blood pressure, let’s check on your memory too.”

“If your loved one is resistant to seeing a doctor, it can help to keep a simple journal of changes you’ve noticed,” says Mariaan. “Write down examples of things that seem unusual, like forgetting how to cook a favourite meal or getting lost on a familiar route. These details not only give you clarity, they also help doctors build a clearer picture of what might be going on.” This will help medical professionals understand the situation and offer an accurate diagnosis.

Steps to get a diagnosis

Getting an accurate diagnosis can feel daunting, but it's a vital step toward understanding and support. Here’s how families can approach the process:

Start with a routine check-up: Rule out other causes like hearing loss, thyroid issues, or side effects from medication.
Request a cognitive screening: Tools like the MMSE or MoCA can indicate if further evaluation is needed.
Ask for a specialist referral: Neurologists, geriatricians, or memory clinics can provide a full assessment.
Frame it with compassion: Avoid saying "you need help." Instead, focus on wellbeing, energy, and support.

A diagnosis, while difficult, provides clarity. It opens the door to treatment, planning, and support services.

Supporting a loved one after diagnosis

Adjusting to a dementia diagnosis is challenging for both the person and their family. You can help by:

Acknowledging their emotions and reassuring them that they are not alone
Maintaining dignity and familiar routines (e.g., choosing their own clothes, planning meals together)
Ensuring home safety, organising medical follow-ups, and securing financial/legal documents
Encouraging gentle movement, sensory care, and regular social interaction
Involving them in decisions for as long as possible

“When someone you love becomes confused or forgets where they are, it’s not helpful to correct or argue with them,” says Mariaan. “It’s far more comforting to meet them where they are emotionally. Speak with warmth, include them in conversations, and gently guide rather than push. That connection matters more than getting the facts right.”

Managing difficult behaviours with compassion

Some people with dementia may experience confusion, agitation, or even aggression. These behaviours are often a response to fear, discomfort, or unmet needs.

To manage confusion:

Keep surroundings calm and familiar
Stick to predictable routines
Use emotional reassurance rather than factual correction

To manage aggression:

Identify triggers (pain, hunger, noise, frustration)
Approach with calm, open body language
Redirect with music, photos, or a simple activity

Helpful techniques:

Use short, clear instructions
Validate their feelings
Consult an occupational therapist for a home-safety and behaviour plan

You can’t pour from an empty cup. Taking care of yourself is essential. Here’s how:

Validate your emotions: It’s normal to feel overwhelmed
Build a support network: Join a local support group or WhatsApp caregiver forum
Schedule respite: Short breaks or in-home care from the CareCompany help you recharge while you have peace of mind that your loved ones are in good hands
Maintain routines: Get enough rest, eat well, and move your body daily
Manage stress: Try mindfulness, journaling, art, faith-based activities - things that fill up your cup
Use professional help: You don't have to do this alone. Reach out to CareCompany for respite breaks, in-home care, and practical support. The Caregivers Counsel also offers emotional guidance and advice. DementiaSA provides a 24/7 helpline, downloadable resources, and caregiver training. Additional support can come from local WhatsApp groups or in-person support circles, trained social workers or occupational therapists, and accredited dementia-specific caregiver training programmes.

You deserve support, too. Taking care of your own well-being ensures you can care for your loved one with presence and compassion.

As Mariaan reminds us, caregiving is not just about the physical symptoms. “Families often know the signs,” she explains, “but what really weighs people down is the emotional and spiritual strain. Supporting the caregiver is just as important as supporting the person living with dementia. When caregivers are equipped with knowledge, supported with empathy, and uplifted through faith, they are empowered to care with confidence and dignity.”

Dr. Mariaan Cronje - Founder of The Caregivers Council

Support and resources for South African families

DementiaSA: 0860 MEMORY – 24/7 helpline, caregiver training, advice sheets, and support groups
Alzheimer’s South Africa: Education, advocacy, and downloadable caregiver guides
Age-in-Action: Community-based senior support programs

Final thoughts

Facing a dementia diagnosis is not easy, but you don’t have to do it alone. With the right support, planning, and compassionate care, families can navigate this journey with dignity and resilience. At CareCompany, we believe in person-centred care that respects your loved one’s history, preferences, and humanity. As Mariaan from The Caregivers Counsel says, every family member and every situation is unique. Support must honour both the person being cared for and the caregiver.

If you need help or guidance, our team is here for you.

Need support for a loved one with dementia?

Caregivers Counsel: +27 66 582 3903 | admin@caregiverscounsel.com www.caregiverscounsel.com